RESOLUTION MSC.401(95)
(Adopted on 8 June 2015)
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR MULTI-SYSTEM SHIPBORNE RADIONAVIGATION
RECEIVERS
THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,
RECALLING Article 28(b) of the Convention on the International
Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Committee,
RECALLING ALSO resolution A.886(21), by which the Assembly resolved that
the functions of adopting performance standards for radio and navigational
equipment, as well as amendments thereto, should be performed by the Maritime
Safety Committee on behalf of the Organization,
RECOGNIZING the need for performance standards for multi-system
shipborne radionavigation receiver equipment in order to ensure that ships are
provided with resilient position-fixing equipment suitable for use with
available radionavigation systems throughout their voyage,
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT present performance standards for shipborne
radionavigation receivers as laid down in resolutions MSC.112(73), MSC.113(73), MSC.114(73), MSC.115(73), MSC.233(82) and MSC.379(93),
HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendation made by the Sub-Committee on
Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue at its second regular session,
1 ADOPTS the
Performance standards for multi-system shipborne radionavigation receivers, the
text of which is set out in the annex to the present resolution; and
2 RECOMMENDS
Governments to ensure that multi-system shipborne radionavigation receivers
installed on or after 31 December 2017, conform to performance standards not
inferior to those specified in the annex to the present resolution.
ANNEX
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR MULTI-SYSTEM SHIPBORNE
RADIONAVIGATION RECEIVERS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS), some of which are currently recognized as components
of the World-Wide Radio Navigation System (WWRNS) by the Organization, are
space-based systems that provide World-wide Position, Velocity and Time (PVT)
determination services. Each GNSS space segment is composed of up to 30
satellites per constellation, which may be deployed in several orbital planes
and orbit types. The spacing of satellites in orbit is normally arranged such
that a minimum of four satellites will be in view to users, World-wide. Each
satellite transmits signals that can be processed by receiver equipment to
establish a three-dimensional position with a Position Dilution Of Precision
(PDOP) ≤ 6 or Horizontal Dilution Of Precision (HDOP) ≤ 4, to
ensure that the position information can be reliably used for navigation
purposes.
1.2 Terrestrial
radionavigation systems use signals from ground-based transmitting stations to
determine PVT information. Signals received from at least three stations should
be processed by receiver equipment to establish a two-dimensional position.
1.3 Augmentation
systems use ground-based or space-based transmitters to provide augmentation
data to improve accuracy and integrity for specific service areas (such as
navigation in harbour entrances, harbour approaches and coastal waters).
1.4 The introduction of
multi-system shipborne navigation receiver performance standards will allow the
combined use of current and future radionavigation as well as augmentation
systems for the provision of position, velocity and time data within the
maritime navigation system.
1.5 A multi-system
receiver using navigation signals from two or more GNSS, with or without
augmentation, provides improved position, velocity, and time data. An improved
resistance to intentional and unintentional radio frequency interference is
achieved when two or more independent or frequency diverse radionavigation
systems are used. Such a combined approach also provides redundancy to mitigate
the loss of a single system.
1.6 Receiver equipment,
capable of combining measurements from multiple GNSS and an optional
terrestrial radionavigation system, with or without augmentation, to form a
single resilient PVT solution, can be used for navigation purposes on ships of
speeds not exceeding 70 knots. Such equipment should, in addition to the
general provisions contained in resolution A.694(17)1, comply with the minimum
performance standards as stated in this document.
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1 Refer to Publication IEC 60945
1.7 It is the intention
of these performance standards to define the minimum requirements, without
defining the approach taken.
1.8 The multi-system
shipborne radionavigation receiver determines, as a minimum, the position,
course over ground (COG), speed over ground (SOG) and timing either for
navigation purposes or as input to other shipboard functions. This information
should be available during static and dynamic operations.
1.9 The performance
standards allow the application of different methods and techniques for the
provision of PVT data and related integrity information. Where guidelines
dealing with the harmonized provision of PNT data as well as integrity
monitoring of PNT system in use and provided data products have been approved
by the Organization, these should be applied.
2 RECEIVER
EQUIPMENT (MODULE A)
2.1 The term
"multi-system shipborne radionavigation receiver equipment"
(hereafter referred to as "the equipment") as used in these
performance standards includes all the components and units necessary for the
system to properly perform its intended functions. The equipment should include
the following minimum components and capabilities:
.1 antennas capable of receiving all
radionavigation signals required to support the functionality of the receiver
equipment;
.2 receiver(s) and processor(s) capable of
processing the radionavigation signals required to support the functionality of
the receiver equipment;
.3 means of accessing the computed PVT
information (e.g. display of latitude, longitude, COG, SOG, time, sources; and
the phase(s) of navigation currently supported2);
____________________________
2 The requirements for the different phases of
navigation are set out in resolutions A.915(22) and A.1046(27).
.4 interface for supplying data controlling/
configuring the receiver;
.5 display;
.6 raw data output, for the provision of
additional information, such as range measurements and GNSS's navigation data;
.7 indication of the quality and reliability of
the computed and distributed PVT data to the user; and
.8 indication of radionavigation system(s)
currently used for the PVT information to the user.
2.2 The design of the antennas should be suitable for fitting at a
position(s) on the ship which provides a satisfactory environment for the reception
of all required radionavigation signals. Multi-path and electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) effects should be taken into consideration.
2.3 The equipment
should be designed to:
.1 mitigate interference from authorized
out-of-band sources; and
.2 provide a means of:
.1 integrity monitoring for each PVT source
employed (e.g. RAIM, CAIM)3; and
.2 multi-source autonomous integrity monitoring4.
____________________________
3 Resolution A.915(22).
4 Multi-source integrity monitoring is envisioned
to be a cross-check between independent PVT sources.
3 OPERATIONAL AND
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (MODULE B)
The equipment should:
3.1 Operate using civil
access navigation signals of at least two independent GNSS recognized by the
Organization as part of WWRNS, provided in the radionavigation satellite
service (space-to-Earth) frequency bands designated in article 5 of the Radio
Regulations5;
_____________________________
5 "Radio Regulations" means the
Radio regulations annexed to, or regarded as being annexed to, the most recent
Convention of the International Telecommunication Union which is in force at
any time.
3.2 Provide PVT data
with the necessary level of resilience and integrity, whether it is used
directly as input to other equipment, or provided for use within Integrated
Navigation Systems (INS);
3.3 Where terrestrial
radionavigation system(s) signals are provided and used in the protected
frequency bands, have the possibility to operate using terrestrial
radionavigation system(s) signals provided in the protected frequency bands;
3.4 Have the facilities
to process augmentation data, in accordance with the appropriate methods6;
_____________________________
6 e.g. Recommendation ITU-R M.823, RTCM 10410,
or other relevant standards , already existing or still to be developed in
particular for Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) adoption.
3.5 Provide the
facility for the user to select or deselect radionavigation and augmentation
signals;
3.6 Be capable of
processing the above signals and combining to provide a single PVT solution,
including:
.1 position information of the consistent common
reference point in latitude and
longitude, referenced to an implementation of an International Terrestrial
Reference Frame (ITRF)8 , with coordinates in degrees and minutes to
a precision reflective of the accuracy of the position information, up to four
(4) decimal places;
.2 COG of the consistent common reference point7
in degrees to a precision reflective of the accuracy of the calculated course
information, relative to true north, up to one decimal place;
.3 SOG of the consistent common reference point7
in knots to a precision reflective of the accuracy of the calculated speed
information, up to two decimal places; and
.4 time, referenced to UTC (BIPM9), to
one tenth of one second;
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7 A single consistent common reference point
for all spatially related information. For consistency the recommended
reference location should be the conning position, according to the resolution MSC 252(83).
8 For example, the World Geodetic System
1984(WGS 84) used by GPS, Earth Parameters 1990 (from Russian "Parametry
Zemli" 1990) (PZ-90) used by GLONASS, the Galileo Terrestrial Reference
Frame (GTRF) or the China Geodetic Coordination System (CGCS2000) used by BDS.
9 Bureau International de Poids et Mesures.
3.7 Be capable of providing the PVT solution to the required
accuracy10 within:
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10 Resolution A.1046(27).
.1 5 min where there is no valid satellite
almanac data (cold start);
.2 1 min where there is valid satellite almanac
data (warm start); and
.3 2 min, when subjected to a power interruption
or loss of signals of < 60 s;
3.8 Provide time in
UTC;
3.9 Be capable of
meeting the requirements for the phases of navigation outlined in resolution A.1046(27);
3.10 Be capable of
generating a new PVT solution at least once every 0.5 s for high-speed craft
(HSC) in compliance with speed requirements as in paragraph 1.6 above and at
least once every 1 s for conventional vessels;
3.11 Be capable of
assessing whether the performance of the PVT solution (e.g. accuracy and
integrity) meets the requirements for each phase of navigation11. An
alert should be provided when such assessment cannot be determined;
_____________________
11 Resolution A.1046(27).
3.12 Provide a caution if
after 2 s for HSC or 3 s for conventional vessels, equipment is unable to
assess the current achieved performance (e.g. accuracy and integrity) with
respect to each navigation phase;
3.13 Provide a warning,
if after 5 s for HSC or 7 s for conventional vessels, new PVT data has not been
calculated. Under such conditions the last known position and the time of last
valid fix, with the explicit indication of the state so that no ambiguity can
exist, should be output until normal operation is resumed;
3.14 If it is not
possible to provide a new position update at the next scheduled update, output
the last plausible position, SOG, COG, and the time of the last valid fix, with
indication of this state so that no ambiguity can exist, until position update
is resumed;
3.15 Provide an
indication of augmentation status, including:
.1 the receipt of augmentation signals;
.2 the validity of the signals received;
.3 whether augmentation is applied to the
position in the PVT solution; and
.4 the identification of the augmentation
signal(s);
3.16 Provide the
following information, in alphanumerical form, for the final PVT solution and
for each individual source when requested, to a local display (or a separate
interfaced display):
.1 position;
.2 COG and SOG;
.3 time;
.4 the PVT solution source(s);
.5 the assessment of the navigation phase(s)
for which performance requirements are supported;
.6 the identification of the augmentation
signal(s) applied to the position solution; and
.7 any alert information.
4 INTERFACING AND
INTEGRATION (MODULE C)
The equipment should:
4.1 Provide the
following interfaces in accordance with the relevant international standards:12
.1 at least one interface from which the PVT
solution should be available in the WGS 84 (i.e. including position
information, COG, SOG, time, PVT source(s) (available and used), assessment of
phase(s) of navigation for which performance requirements are met, and
augmentation information) can be provided. Means may be provided for
transforming the computed position based upon WGS 84 into data compatible with
the datum of the navigational chart in use;
.2 at least one interface from which data from
all available sources can be provided (e.g. to an Integrated Navigation System
(INS) for enhanced assessment of PVT information which should be available in
WGS 84);
.3 an interface for alert management
(i.e. with the Bridge Alert Management (BAM); and
.4 facilities to accept the input of
augmentation signals from at least one source;13
___________________________
12 Refer to Publication IEC 61162.
13 Recommendation ITU-R M.823.
4.2 Be capable of operating satisfactorily under normal
interference conditions, consistent with the requirements of resolution A.694(17)14,
and taking into account the typical electromagnetic and radio frequency
spectrum environment on board and from outside a vessel;
___________________________
14 Refer to resolution A.694(17) and IEC 60945.
4.3 Ensure that no permanent damage can result from an accidental
short circuit or grounding of the antenna or any of its input or output
connections or any of the inputs or outputs.
5 DOCUMENTATION
(MODULE D)
Documentation for the equipment should be provided, preferably in
an electronic format, and should include:
5.1 Operating manuals,
which should contain an overall function description including:
.1
the multi-system concept and the benefits and limitations of using GNSS and
terrestrial radionavigation systems and augmentation (i.e. as source(s) for the
PVT solution);
.2 a statement on which GNSS and terrestrial
radionavigation systems and augmentation(s) are supported (i.e. as sources for
the PVT solution);