Revoked by MEPC.244(66)

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR SHIPBOARD INCINERATORS

(Adopted by the MEPC Resolution 76/40
on 25 September 1997)

 

(supersedes the standard specification for shipboard incinerators adopted by MEPC Resolution 59/33)

 

1. Scope

 

1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, performance, operation and testing of incinerators intended to incinerate garbage and other shipboard wastes generated during the ship's normal service.

 

1.2 This specification applies to those incinerator plants with capacities up to 1,500 kW per unit.

 

1.3 This specification does not apply to systems on special incinerator ships, e.g., for burning industrial wastes such as chemicals, manufacturing residues, etc.

 

1.4 This specification does not address the electrical supply to the unit, nor the foundation connections and stack connections.

 

1.5 This specification provides emission requirements in annex A1, and fire protection requirements in annex A2. Provisions for incinerators integrated with heat recovery units and provisions for flue gas temperature are given in annex A3 and annex A4, respectively.

 

1.6 This specification may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use, including possible port State limitations.

 

2. Definitions.

 

2.1 Ship means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment and includes hydrofoil boats, air- cushioned vehicles, submersibles, floating craft and fixed or floating platforms.

 

2.2 Incinerator means shipboard facilities for incinerating solid wastes approximating in composition to household waste and liquid wastes arising from the operation of the ship, e.g., domestic waste, cargo-associated waste, maintenance waste, operational waste, cargo residues, and fishing gear, etc. These facilities may be designed to use or not to use the heat energy produced.

 

2.3 Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during normal operation of the ship as defined in Annex V to MARPOL 73/78.

 

2.4 Waste means useless, unheeded or superfluous matter which is to be discarded.

 

2.5 Food wastes are any spoiled or unspoiled victual substances, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, poultry, meat products, food scraps, food particles, and all other materials contaminated by such wastes, generated aboard ship, principally in the galley and dining areas.

 

2.6 Plastic means a solid material which contains as an essential ingredient one or more synthetic organic high polymers and which is formed (shaped) during either manufacture of the polymer or the fabrication into a finished product by heat and/or pressure. Plastics have material properties ranging from hard and brittle to soft and elastic. Plastics are used for a variety of marine purposes including, but not limited to, packaging (vapour-proof barriers, bottles, containers, liners), ship construction (fibreglass and laminated structures, siding, piping, insulation, flooring, carpets, fabrics, paints and finishes, adhesives, electrical and electronic components), disposable eating utensils and cups, bags, sheeting, floats, fishing nets, strapping bands, rope and line.

 

2.7 Domestic waste means all types of food wastes, sewage and wastes generated in the living spaces on board the ship for the purpose of this specification.

 

2.8 Cargo-associated waste means all materials which have become wastes as a result of use on board a ship for cargo stowage and handling. Cargo-associated waste includes but is not limited to dunnage, shoring pallets, lining and packing materials, plywood, paper, cardboard, wire, and steel strapping.

 

2.9 Maintenance waste means materials collected by the engine department and the deck department while maintaining and operating the vessel, such as soot, machinery deposits, scraped paint, deck sweeping, wiping wastes, oily rags, etc.

 

2.10 Operational wastes means all cargo-associated wastes and maintenance waste (including ash and clinkers), and cargo residues defined as garbage in 2.13.

 

2.11 Sludge oil means sludge from fuel and lubricating oil separators, waste lubricating oil from main and auxiliary machinery, waste oil from bilge water separators, drip trays, etc.

 

2.12 Oily rags are rags which have been saturated with oil as controlled in Annex I to the Convention. Contaminated rags are rags which have been saturated with a substance defined as a harmful substance in the other Annexes to MARPOL 73/78.

 

2.13 Cargo residues for the purposes of this standard are defined as the remnants of any cargo material on board that cannot be placed in proper cargo holds (loading excess and spillage) or which remains in cargo holds and elsewhere after unloading procedures are completed (unloading residual and spillage). However, cargo residues are expected to be in small quantities.

 

2.14 Fishing gear is defined as any physical device or part thereof or combination of items that may be placed on or in the water with the intended purpose of capturing, or controlling for subsequent capture, living marine or freshwater organisms.

 

3. Materials and manufacture:

 

3.1 The materials used in the individual parts of the incinerator are to be suitable for the intended application with respect to heat resistance, mechanical properties, oxidation, corrosion, etc., as in other auxiliary marine equipment.

 

3.2 Piping for fuel and sludge oil should be seamless steel of adequate strength and to the satisfaction of the Administration. Short lengths of steel, or annealed copper nickel, nickel copper, or copper pipe and tubing may be used at the burners. The use of nonmetallic materials for fuel lines is prohibited. Valves and fittings may be threaded in sizes up to and including 60 mm O.D. (outside diameter), but threaded unions are not to be used on pressure lines in sizes 33 mm O.D. (outside diameter) and over.

 

3.3 All rotating or moving mechanical and exposed electrical parts should be protected against accidental contact.

 

3.4 Incinerator walls are to be protected with insulated fire bricks/refractory and a cooling system. Outside surface temperature of the incinerator casing being touched during normal operations should not exceed 20°C above ambient temperature.

 

3.5 Refractory should be resistant to thermal shocks and resistant to normal ship's vibration. The refractory design temperature should be equal to the combustion chamber design temperature plus 20%. (See 4.1)

 

3.6 Incinerating systems should be designed such that corrosion will be minimized on the inside of the systems.

 

3.7 In systems equipped for incinerating liquid wastes, safe ignition and maintenance of combustion must be ensured, e.g., by a supplementary burner using gas oil/diesel oil or equivalent.

 

3.8 The combustion chamber(s) should be designed for easy maintenance of all internal parts including the refractory and insulation.

 

3.9 The combustion process should take place under negative pressure which means that the pressure in the furnace under all circumstances should be lower than the ambient pressure in the room where the incinerator is installed. A flue gas fan may be fitted to secure negative pressure.

 

3.10 The incinerating furnace may be charged with solid waste either by hand or automatically. In every case, fire dangers should be avoided and charging should be possible without danger to the operating personnel.

 

For instance, where charging is carried out by hand, a charging lock may be provided which ensures that the charging space is isolated from the fire box as long as the filling hatch is open.

 

Where charging is not effected through a charging lock, an interlock should be installed to prevent the charging door from opening while the incinerator is in operation with burning of garbage in progress or while the furnace temperature is above 220°C.

 

3.11 Incinerators equipped with a feeding sluice or system should ensure that the material charged will move to the combustion chamber. Such system should be designed such that both operator and environment are protected from hazardous exposure.

 

3.12 Interlocks should be installed to prevent ash removal doors from opening while burning is in progress or while the furnace temperature is above 220°C.

 

3.13 The incinerator should be provided with a safe observation port of the combustion chamber in order to provide visual control of the burning process and waste accumulation in the combustion chamber. Neither heat, flame, nor particles should be able to pass through the observation port. An example of a safe observation port is high- temperature glass with a metal closure.

 

3.14 Electrical requirements¹

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¹ International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards, particularly IEC Publication 92 - Electrical Installations In Ships and Mobile and Fixed Offshore Units, are applicable for this equipment.

 

3.14.1 Electrical installation requirements should apply to all electrical equipment, including controls, safety devices, cables, and burners and incinerators.

 

3.14.1.1 A disconnecting means capable of being locked in the open position should be installed at an accessible location at the incinerator so that the incinerator can be disconnected from all sources of potential. This disconnecting means should be an integral part of the incinerator or adjacent to it. (See 5.1)

 

3.14.1.2 All uninsulated live metal parts should be guarded to avoid accidental contact.

 

3.14.1.3 The electrical equipment should be so arranged so that failure of this equipment will cause the fuel supply to be shut off.

 

3.14.1.4 All electrical contacts of every safety device installed in the control circuit should be electrically connected in series. However, special consideration should be given to arrangements when certain devices are wired in parallel.

 

3.14.1.5 All electrical components and devices should have a voltage rating commensurate with the supply voltage of the control system.

 

3.14.1.6 All electrical devices and electric equipment exposed to the weather should meet the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organizations.²

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² Refer to IEC Publication 92-201, Table V (1980 edition).

 

3.14.1.7 All electrical and mechanical control devices should be of a type tested and accepted by a nationally recognized testing agency, according to international standards.

 

3.14.1.8 The design of the control circuits should be such that limit and primary safety controls should directly open a circuit that functions to interrupt the supply of fuel to combustion units.

 

3.14.2 Overcurrent protection.

 

3.14.2.1 Conductors for interconnecting wiring that is smaller than the supply conductors should be provided with overcurrent protection based on the size of the smallest interconnecting conductors external to any control box, in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.³

 

3.14.2.2 Overcurrent protection for interconnecting wiring should be located at the point where the smaller conductors connect to the larger conductors. However, overall overcurrent protection is acceptable if it is sized on the basis of the smallest conductors of the interconnecting wiring, or in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.⁴

 

3.14.2.3 Overcurrent protection devices should be accessible and their function should be identified.

 

3.14.3 Motors

 

3.14.3.1 All electric motors should have enclosures corresponding to the environment where they are located, at least IP 44, in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization⁵.

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³ Refer to IEC Publication 92-202 (1980 edition with amendment).

⁴ Refer to IEC Publication 92-202 (1980 edition with amendment).

⁵ Refer to IEC Publication 529 (1976 edition with amendment).

 

3.14.3.2 Motors should be provided with a corrosion- resistant nameplate specifying information in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.⁶

 

3.14.3.3 Motors should be provided with running protection by means of integral thermal protection, by overcurrent devices, or a combination of both in accordance with manufacturer's instruction that should meet the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.⁷

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⁶ Refer to IEC Publication 92-301 (1980 edition).

⁷ Refer to IEC Publication 92-202 (1980 edition with amendment).

 

3.14.3.4 Motors should be rated for continuous duty and should be designed for an ambient temperature of 45°C or higher.

 

3.14.3.5 All motors should be provided with terminal leads or terminal screws in terminal boxes integral with, or secured to, the motor frames.

 

3.14.4 Ignition system.

 

3.14.4.1 When automatic electric ignition is provided, it should be accomplished by means of either a high-voltage electric spark, a high-energy electric spark, or a glow coil.

 

3.14.4.2 Ignition transformers should have an enclosure corresponding to the environment where they are located, at least IP 44 in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.⁸

 

3.14.4.3 Ignition cable should meet the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.⁹

 

3.14.5 Wiring.

 

3.14.5.1 All wiring for incinerators should be rated and selected in accordance with the requirements of international standards acceptable to the Organization.¹⁰

________________

⁸ Refer to IEC Publication 529 (1976 edition with amendment).

⁹ Refer to IEC Publication 92-503 (1975 edition).

¹⁰ Refer to IEC Publication 92-352 (1979 edition with amendments).

 

3.14.6 Banding and grounding.

 

3.14.6.1 Means should be provided for grounding the major metallic frame or assembly of the incinerators.

 

3.14.6.2 Noncurrent carrying enclosures, frames and similar parts of all electrical components and devices should be bonded to the main frame or assembly of the incinerator. Electrical components that are bonded by their installation do not require a separate banding conductor.

 

3.14.6.3 When an insulated conductor is used to bond electrical components and devices, it should show a continuous green colour, with or without a yellow stripe.

 

4. Operating requirements

 

4.1 The incinerator system should be designed and constructed for operation with the following conditions:

 

 

For Batch Loaded Incinerators, there are no preheating requirements. However, the incinerator should be designed that the temperature in the actual combustion space should reach 600°C within 5 minutes after start.

 

 

4.2 Outside surface of combustion chambers) should be shielded from contact such that people in normal work situations will not be exposed to extreme heat (20°C above ambient temperature) or direct contact of surface temperatures exceeding 60°C. Examples for alternatives to accomplish this are a double jacket with an air flow in between or an expanded metal jacket.

 

4.3 Incinerating systems are to be operated with underpressure (negative pressure) in the combustion chamber such that no gases or smoke can leak out to the surrounding areas.

 

4.4 The incinerator should have warning plates attached in a prominent location on the unit, warning against unauthorized opening of doors to combustion chambers) during operation and against overloading the incinerator with garbage.

 

4.5 The incinerator should have instruction plate(s) attached in a prominent location on the unit that clearly addresses the following:

 

4.5.1 Cleaning ashes and slag from the combustion chamber(s) and cleaning of combustion air openings before starting the incinerator (where applicable).

 

4.5.2 Operating procedures and instructions. These should include proper start-up procedures, normal shutdown procedures, emergency shut-down procedures, and procedures for loading garbage (where applicable).

 

4.6 To avoid building up of dioxins, the flue gas should be shock-cooled to a maximum 350°C within 2.5 meters from the combustion chamber flue gas outlet.

 

5. Operating controls.

 

5.1 The entire unit should be capable of being disconnected from all sources of electricity by means of one disconnect switch located near the incinerator. (See 3.14.1.1)

 

5.2 There should be an emergency stop switch located outside the compartment which stops all power to the equipment. The emergency stop switch should also be able to stop all power to the fuel pumps. If the incinerator is equipped with a flue gas fan, the fan should be capable of being restarted independently of the other equipment on the incinerator.

 

5.3 The control equipment should be so designed that any failure of the following equipment will prevent continued operations and cause the fuel supply to be cut off.

 

5.3.1 Safety thermostat/draft failure.

 

5.3.1.1 A flue gas temperature controller, with a sensor placed in the flue gas duct, should be provided that will shut down the burner if the flue gas temperature exceeds the temperature set by the manufacturer for the specific design.

 

5.3.1.2 A combustion temperature controller, with a sensor placed in the combustion chamber, should be provided that will shut down the burner if the combustion chamber temperature exceeds the maximum temperature.

 

5.3.1.3 A negative pressure switch should be provided to monitor the draft and the negative pressure in the combustion chamber. The purpose of this negative pressure switch is to ensure that there is sufficient draft/negative pressure in the incinerator during operations. The circuit to the program relay for the burner will be opened and an alarm activated before the negative pressure rises to atmospheric pressure.

 

5.3.2 Flame failure/fuel oil pressure

 

5.3.2.1 The incinerator should have a flame safeguard control consisting of a flame sensing element and associated equipment for shut down of the unit in the event of ignition failure and flame failure during the firing cycle. The flame safeguard control should be so designed that the failure of any component will cause a safety shut down.

 

5.3.2.2 The flame safeguard control should be capable of closing the fuel valves in not more than 4 seconds after a flame failure.

 

5.3.2.3 The flame safeguard control should provide a trial-for-ignition period of not more that 10 seconds during which fuel may be supplied to establish flame. If flame is not established within 10 seconds, the fuel supply to the burners should be immediately shut off automatically.

 

5.3.2.4 Whenever the flame safeguard control has operated because of failure of ignition, flame failure, or failure of any component, only one automatic restart may be provided. If this is not successful then manual reset of the flame safeguard control should be required for restart.

 

5.3.2.5 Flame safeguard controls of the thermostatic type, such as stack switches and pyrostats operated by means of an open bimetallic helix, are prohibited.

 

5.3.2.6 If fuel oil pressure drops below that set by the manufacturer, a failure and lock out of the program relay should result. This also applies to a sludge oil burner. (Applies where pressure is important for the combustion process or a pump is not an integral part of the burner.)

 

5.3.3 Loss of power.

 

If there is a loss of power to the incinerator control/alarm panel (not remote alarm panel), the system should shut down.

 

5.4 Fuel supply.

 

Two fuel control solenoid valves should be provided in series in the fuel supply line to each burner. On multiple burner units, a valve on the main foci supply line and a valve at each burner will satisfy this requirement. The valves should be connected electrically in parallel so that both operate simultaneously.

 

5.5 Alarms.

 

5.5.1 An outlet for an audible alarm should be provided for