Resolution
MSC.245(83)
RECOMMENDATION ON A STANDARD METHOD FOR EVALUATING CROSS-FLOODING ARRANGEMENTS
(adopted on 12 October 2007)
THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,
RECALLING Article 28(b) of the Convention on the
International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Committee,
RECALLING ALSO resolution A.266(VIII) entitled
"Recommendation on a standard method for establishing compliance with the
requirements for cross-flooding arrangements in passenger ships", adopted
by the Assembly at its eighth session,
NOTING that the above Recommendation does not
include provisions for cross-flooding arrangements other than pipes (i.e.,
cross-flooding times through ducts) or a provision to ensure adequate air
ventilation for efficient cross-flooding (i.e., to account for the restrictive
effect of air counter pressure during cross-flooding),
NOTING ALSO the revised SOLAS chapter II-1
subdivision and damage stability requirements for passenger and cargo ships,
adopted by resolution MSC.216(82),
RECOGNIZING the need to establish a methodology for
evaluating cross-flooding arrangements on ships subject to the applicable
subdivision and damage stability requirements of SOLAS chapter II-1 to ensure
uniform treatment of cross-flooding and equalization arrangements,
HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendations made by the
Sub-Committee on Stability and Load Lines and on Fishing Vessels Safety at its
fiftieth session,
1. ADOPTS the Recommendation on a standard method
for evaluating cross-flooding arrangements, the text of which is set out in the
Annex to the present resolution;
2. INVITES Governments to apply the annexed
Recommendation to cross-flooding calculations and to bring the Recommendation
to the attention of all parties concerned.
Annex.
RECOMMENDATION ON A STANDARD METHOD FOR EVALUATING CROSS-FLOODING ARRANGEMENTS
∑k: Sum of friction coefficients in the
considered cross-flooding arrangement.
S (m2): Cross-section area of the
cross-flooding pipe or duct. If the cross-section area is not circular, then:
where:
A
= actual cross-section area
p
= actual cross-section perimeter
θ0(°): Angle before commencement of cross-flooding.
This assumes that the cross-flooding device is fully flooded but that no water
has entered into the equalizing compartment on the opposite side of the damage
(see appendix 1).
θf(°): Heel angle at final
equilibrium (θf<0).
θ(°): Any angle of heel between the commencement of
cross-flooding and the final equilibrium at a given time.
Wf(m3):
Volume of water which is used to bring the ship from commencement of
cross-flooding в0 to final equilibrium θf.
Wθ(м3):
Volume of water which is used to bring the ship from any angle of heel в to the
final equilibrium θf.
H0(m):
Head of water before commencement of cross-flooding, with the
same assumption as for θ0.
Hθ(m): Head of water when any angle of heel θ is
achieved.
hf(m):
Final head of water after cross-flooding ( hf = 0, when the level
inside the equalizing compartment is equal to the free level of the sea).
2.1 Time required from
commencement of cross-flooding θ0 to the final equilibrium
θf :
2.2 Time required to
bring the ship from any angle of heel θ to the final equilibrium θf :
2.3 Time required from commencement of cross-flooding θ0
until any angle of heel в is achieved:
2.4 Dimensionless factor of reduction of speed
through an equalization device, being a function of bends, valves, etc., in the
cross-flooding system:
where
F is not to be taken as more than 1.
Values for k can be obtained from appendix 2 or
other appropriate sources.
2.5 Cross-flooding through successive devices of
different cross-section:
If the same flow crosses successive flooding devices
of cross-section S1, S2, S3... having
corresponding friction coefficients k1, k2, k3...,
then the total k coefficient referred to S1 is:
2.6 If different flooding devices are not crossed by
the same volume, each k coefficient should be multiplied by the square of the
ratio of the volume crossing the device and the volume crossing the reference
section (which will be used for the time calculation):
2.7 For cross-flooding through devices in parallel
that lead to the same space, equalisation time should be calculated assuming
that:
with
for
each device of cross-section Si
3.1 In arrangements where the total air pipe
sectional area is 10% or more of the cross-flooding sectional area, the
restrictive effect of any air back pressure may be neglected in the
cross-flooding calculations. The air pipe sectional area should be taken as the
minimum or the net sectional area of any automatic closing devices, if that is
less.
3.2 In arrangements where the total air pipe
sectional area is less than 10% of the cross-flooding sectional area, the
restrictive effect of air back pressure should be considered in the
cross-flooding calculations. The following method may be used for this purpose:
The k coefficient used in the calculation of
cross-flooding time should take into account the drop of head in the air pipe.
This can be done using an equivalent coefficient ke, which is
calculated according to the following formula:
where:
kw
= k coefficient for the cross-flooding arrangement (water)
ka
= k coefficient for the air pipe
ρa = air density
ρw = water density
Sw
= cross-section area of the cross-flooding device (water)
Sa
= cross-section of air pipe
As an alternative to the provisions in sections 2
and 3, and for arrangements other than those shown in appendix 2, direct
calculation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), time-domain simulations
or model testing may also be used.
Appendix 1.
EXAMPLE FOR TREATMENT OF HEEL ANGLES AND WATER HEADS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
CROSS-FLOODING
Appendix 2.
FRICTION COEFFICIENTS IN CROSS-FLOODING
ARRANGEMENT
Figure 13.
Cross-flooding through a series of structural ducts with 1 manhole
Note:
k is the friction coefficient related to each space between two adjacent
girders. k is evaluated with effective cross-section area therefore in
calculations use the real cross-section area A and not Sequiv. The pressure
loss for entrance in the first manhole is already computed in the calculation,
and k = 1 has to be added to take into account the outlet losses.