Resolution
MSC.191(79)
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE
PRESENTATION OF NAVIGATION-RELATED INFORMATION ON SHIPBORNE NAVIGATIONAL
DISPLAYS
(adopted on 6 December 2004)
THE
MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,
RECALLING
Article 28(b) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization
concerning the functions of the Committee,
RECALLING
ALSO resolution A.886(21) by which the Assembly resolved that the function of
adopting performance standards and technical specifications, as well as
amendments thereto, shall be performed by the Maritime Safety Committee on
behalf of the Organization,
RECOGNIZING
that harmonization of the requirements for the presentation of
navigation-related information on the bridge will ensure that all navigational
displays adopt a consistent human-machine interface philosophy and
implementation,
RECOGNIZING
FURTHER that, for safety reasons, the terms, abbreviations and symbols used for
the display of navigation-related information on all shipborne navigation
equipment and systems should be consistent,
HAVING
CONSIDERED the recommendation on the performance standards for the presentation
of navigation-related information on shipborne navigational displays made by
the Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation at its fiftieth session,
1.
ADOPTS the Recommendation on Performance Standards for the Presentation of
Navigation-related Information on Shipborne Navigational Displays, set out in
the Annex to the present resolution;
2.
RECOMMENDS Governments to ensure that navigational shipborne displays on the
bridge of a ship installed on or after 1 July 2008 conform, from the
presentation of navigation-related information point of view, to performance
standards not inferior to those specified in the Annex to the present
resolution.
Annex.
RECOMMENDATION ON PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE PRESENTATION OF
NAVIGATION-RELATED INFORMATION ON SHIPBORNE NAVIGATIONAL DISPLAYS
These
performance standards harmonize the requirements for the presentation of
navigation-related information on the bridge of a ship to ensure that all
navigational displays adopt a consistent human machine interface philosophy and
implementation.
These
performance standards supplement and, in case of a conflict, take priority
over, presentation requirements of the individual performance standards adopted
by the Organization for relevant navigational systems and equipment, and cover
the presentation of navigation-related information by equipment for which
performance standards have not been adopted.
These
performance standards specify the presentation of navigational information on
the bridge of a ship, including the consistent use of navigational terms,
abbreviations, colours and symbols, as well as other presentation
characteristics.
These
performance standards also address the presentation of navigation information
related to specific navigational tasks by recognizing the use of user selected
presentations in addition to presentations required by the individual
performance standards adopted by the Organization.
The
general principles of these standards are applicable for all displays on the
bridge of a ship*.
These
performance standards are applicable to any display equipment associated with
the navigation systems and equipment for which individual performance standards
have been adopted by the Organization. They also address display equipment
associated with navigation systems and equipment for which individual
performance standards have not been adopted.
In
addition to the general requirements set out in resolution A.694(17)**
display equipment should meet the requirements of these performance standards,
as applicable.
______________
* The general principles are addressed in
paragraphs 5 and 8.
** IEC Publication 60945 (see
Appendix 1).
Definitions
are given in the appendix.
5. GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION
5.1 Arrangement of
information
5.1.1
The presentation of information should be consistent with respect to screen
layout and arrangement of information. Data and control functions should be
logically grouped. Priority of information should be identified for each
application, permanently displayed and presented to the user in a prominent
manner by, for example, use of position, size and colour.
5.1.2
The presentation of information should be consistent with respect to values,
units, meaning, sources, validity, and if available, integrity.
5.1.3
The presentation of information should be clearly separated into an operational
display area (e.g. radar, chart) and one or more user dialogue areas (e.g.
menus, data, control functions).
5.2.1
The presentation of alphanumeric data, text, symbols and other graphical
information (e.g. radar image) should support readability from typical user
positions under all ambient light conditions likely to be experienced on the
bridge of a ship, and with due consideration to the night vision of the officer
of the watch.
5.2.2
Alphanumeric data and text should be presented using a clearly legible non-italic,
sans-serif font. The font size should be appropriate for the viewing distance
from user positions likely to be experienced on the bridge of a ship.
5.2.3
Text should be presented using simple unambiguous language that is easy to
understand. Navigation terms and abbreviations should be presented using the
nomenclature defined in SN/Circ.243.
5.2.4
When icons are used, their purpose should be intuitively recognized by
appearance, placement and grouping.
5.3.1
The colours used for the presentation of alphanumeric data, text, symbols and
other graphical information should provide sufficient contrast against the
background under all lighting conditions likely to be experienced on the bridge
of a ship.
5.3.2
The colours and brightness should take into account the light conditions of
daylight, dusk and night. The presentation should support night viewing by
showing light foreground information on a dark non-reflecting background at
night.
5.3.3
The background colour and contrast should be chosen to allow presented
information to be easily discriminated without degrading the colour coding
aspects of the presentation.
5.4.1
Symbols used for the presentation of operational information are defined in
SN/Circ.243. 5.4.2 Symbols used for the display of charted information should
comply with relevant IHO standards.
5.5.1
When colour coding is used for discrimination or conspicuousness of
alphanumeric text, symbols and other graphical information, all colours in the
set should clearly differ from one another.
5.5.2
When colour coding is used, the colour red should be used for coding of alarm
related information.
5.5.3
When colour coding is used, it should be used in combination with other symbol
attributes, such as size, shape, and orientation.
5.5.4
Flashing of information should be reserved for unacknowledged alarms.
5.6.1
The source, validity, and where possible, the integrity of information should
be indicated. Invalid information or information with low integrity should be
clearly marked, qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Invalid information or
information with low integrity may be quantitatively indicated by displaying
absolute or percentage values.
5.6.2
When colour coding is used, information with low integrity should be
qualitatively marked by using yellow, and invalid information should be
qualitatively marked by using red.
5.6.3
In order to show that the screen is being refreshed, means should be provided to
immediately make the user aware of a presentation failure on an operational
display (e.g. picture freeze ).
5.7.1
The operational status of information should be indicated as follows:
Status |
Visual indication |
Audible signal |
Alarm, not
acknowledged |
Red, flashing |
Accompanied by
an audible signal |
Alarm,
acknowledged Invalid Information |
Red |
Suppression of
audible signal |
Important
Indications (Warnings) (e.g. low integrity) |
Yellow |
Silence unless
otherwise specified by the Organization |
Normal state |
None required,
optionally green |
Silence |
5.7.2
A list of alarms should be provided based on the sequence of occurrence.
Additional indication of priority, as set by the user, should be provided on
displays showing alarms from multiple sources. Alarms that have been
acknowledged and are no longer relevant should be deleted from the list of
alarms, but may be retained in an alarm history list.
5.7.3
When a single display is used to present information from multiple navigation
systems and equipment, the presentation of alarms and indications should be
consistent for the display of the time of alarm occurrence, the cause of the
alarm, the source of the alarm and the status of the alarm (e.g. acknowledged,
not acknowledged).
If
displays are capable of presenting information in different mode(s), there
should be a clear indication of the mode in use, for example orientation,
stabilization, motion, and chart projection.
The
user manual and operator instructions should be available in the English
language at least. The user manual or reference guide should include a list of
all terms, abbreviations, and symbols and their explanations presented by the
equipment.
6. PRESENTATION OF
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
6.1 Presentation of own ship
information
6.1.1
When a graphical representation of own ship is provided, it should be possible
for the user to select either a scaled ship s outline or a simplified symbol as
specified in SN/Circ.243. The size of the ship s outline or the simplified
symbol in the graphical presentation should be the true scale size of the ship
or 6 mm, whichever is greater.
6.1.2
A heading line, and where appropriate a velocity vector, should be associated
with own ship symbol and should originate at the position of the consistent
common reference point (CCRP).
6.2 Presentation of charted
information
6.2.1
The presentation of charted information that is issued by, or on the authority
of a government authorized hydrographic office, or other relevant government
institution should comply with the relevant IHO standards.
6.2.2
The presentation of proprietary charted information should comply with relevant
IHO standards, as far as practical. There should be a clear indication when the
presentation is not in accordance with IHO standards.
6.2.3
The presentation of user-added charted information should comply with the
relevant IHO standards, as far as practical.
6.2.4
If chart data derived from different scales appear on the display, the scale
boundary should be clearly indicated.
6.3 Presentation of radar
information
6.3.1
Radar images should be displayed by using a basic colour that provides optimum
contrast. Radar echoes should be clearly visible when presented on top of a
chart background. The relative strength of echoes may be differentiated by
tones of the same basic colour. The basic colour may be different for operation
under different ambient light conditions.
6.3.2
Target trails should be distinguishable from targets and clearly visible under
all ambient light conditions.
6.4 Presentation of target
information
6.4.1.1
Target information may be provided by radar target tracking and/or by reported
target information from the Automatic Identification System (AIS).
6.4.1.2
The operation of the radar target tracking function and the processing of
reported AIS information, including the number of targets presented, related to
screen size, is defined within the Performance standards for radar equipment,
as adopted by the Organization. The presentation of radar target tracking and
AIS information is defined within these performance standards.
6.4.1.3
As far as practical, the user interface and data format for operating,
displaying and indicating radar tracking and AIS information should be
consistent.
6.4.2.1
There should be an indication when the target tracking and/or reported target
processing/display capacity is about to be exceeded.
6.4.2.2
There should be an indication when the target tracking and/or reported target
processing/display capacity has been exceeded.
6.4.3 Filtering of AIS sleeping targets
6.4.3.1
To ensure that the clarity of the total presentation is not substantially
impaired, it should be possible to filter the presentation of sleeping AIS
targets (e.g. by target range, CPA/TCPA or AIS target class A/B, etc.).
6.4.3.2
If a filter is applied, there should be a clear and permanent indication. The
filter criteria in use should be readily available.
6.4.3.3
It should not be possible to remove individual AIS targets from the display.
6.4.4 Activation of AIS targets
6.4.4.1
If zones for the automatic activation of AIS targets are provided, they should
be the same as for automatic radar target acquisition, if available. Any user
defined zones (e.g. acquisition/activation zones) in use should be presented in
graphical form.
6.4.4.2
In addition, sleeping AIS targets should be automatically activated when
meeting user defined parameters (e.g. target range, CPA/TCPA or AIS target class
A/B).
6.4.5.1
Targets should be presented with their relevant symbols according to
SN/Circ.243.
6.4.5.2
AIS information should be graphically presented either as sleeping or activated
targets.
6.4.5.3
The course and speed of a tracked radar target or reported AIS target should be
indicated by a vector that clearly shows the predicted motion. The vector time
(length) should be consistent for presentation of any target regardless of its
source.
6.4.5.4
The presentation of vector symbols should be consistent irrespective of the
source of information. The presentation mode should be clearly and permanently
indicated, including for example: True/Relative vector, vector time and vector
stabilisation.
6.4.5.5
The orientation of the AIS target symbol should indicate its heading. If the
heading information is not received, the orientation of the AIS symbol should
be aligned to the COG. When available, the turn or rate of turn (ROT) indicator
and/or the path prediction should indicate the manoeuvre of an activated AIS
target.
6.4.5.6
A consistent common reference point should be used for the alignment of tracked
target symbols and AIS target symbols with other information on the same
display.
6.4.5.7
On large scale/low range displays, a means to present a true scale outline of
an activated AIS target should be provided.
6.4.5.8
It should be possible to display the past positions of activated targets.
6.4.6.1
A target selected for the display of its alphanumeric information should be
identified by the relevant symbol. If more than one target is selected for data
display, the symbols and the corresponding data should be clearly identified.
6.4.6.2
There should be a clear indication to show that the target data is derived from
radar or AIS or from a combination of these.
6.4.6.3
For each selected tracked radar target the following data should be presented
in alphanumeric form: Source(s) of data, measured range of target, measured
bearing of target, predicted target range at the closest point of approach
(CPA), predicted time to CPA (TCPA), true course of target, true speed of
target. Additional target information should be provided on request.
6.4.6.4
For each selected AIS target the following data should be presented in
alphanumeric form: Source of data, ship s identification, position and its
quality, calculated range of target, calculated bearing of target, CPA, TCPA,
COG, SOG, navigational status. Ship s heading and rate of turn should also be
made available. Additional target information should be provided on request.
6.4.6.5
If the received AIS information is incomplete, the absent information should be
clearly indicated in the target data field as missing.
6.4.6.6
The data should be displayed and continually updated, until another target is
selected for data display or until the window is closed.
6.4.6.7
Means should be provided to present own ship AIS data on request.
6.4.6.8
The alphanumeric displayed data should not obscure graphically presented operational
information.
6.4.7.1
A clear indication of the status of the alarms and of the alarm criteria should
be given.
6.4.7.2
A CPA/TCPA alarm of a tracked radar or activated AIS target should be clearly
indicated and the target should be clearly marked by a dangerous target symbol.
6.4.7.3
If a user defined acquisition/activation zone facility is provided, a target
entering the zone should be clearly identified with the relevant symbol and for
tracked radar targets an alarm should be given. The zone should be identified
with the relevant symbology, and should be applicable to tracked radar and AIS
targets.
6.4.7.4
The last position of a lost target should be clearly marked by a lost target
symbol on the display, and the lost target alarm should be given. The lost
target symbol should disappear if the signal is received again, or after the
alarm has been acknowledged. There should be a clear indication whether the
lost target alarm function for AIS targets is enabled or disabled.
6.4.8 AIS and radar target association
6.4.8.1
An automatic target association function serves to avoid the presentation of
two target symbols for the same physical target. If target data from AIS and
radar tracking are both available and if the AIS and radar information are
considered as one target, then as a default condition, the activated AIS target
symbol and the alphanumeric AIS target data should be automatically selected
and displayed. The user should have the option to change the default condition
to the display of tracked radar targets and should be permitted to select
either radar tracking or AIS alphanumeric data.
6.4.8.2
If the AIS and radar information are considered as two distinct targets, one
activated AIS target and one tracked radar target should be displayed. No alarm
should be raised.
The
AIS presentation status should be indicated as follows:
Function |
Cases to be presented |
Presentation |
||
AIS ON/OFF |
AIS processing
switched ON / graphical presentation switched OFF |
AIS processing
switched ON / graphical presentation switched ON |
Alphanumeric or
graphical |
|
Filtering of
sleeping AIS targets (6.4.3) |
Filter status |
Filter status |
Alphanumeric or
graphical |
|